Factors Influencing Metal Roof Cost
The price of a metal roof varies significantly depending on several key factors. Understanding these factors is crucial for accurate budgeting and informed decision-making. This section will explore the primary influences on the cost per square foot of a metal roof installation.
Metal Type and Cost
The type of metal used significantly impacts the overall cost. Steel is generally the most affordable option, offering a good balance of strength and durability. Aluminum, while more expensive than steel, boasts superior corrosion resistance, making it a popular choice in coastal areas or regions with high humidity. Copper, known for its exceptional longevity and aesthetic appeal, commands the highest price per square foot. The price difference reflects the inherent properties and manufacturing processes of each material. For example, a steel roof might cost between $5 and $12 per square foot, while an aluminum roof could range from $8 to $15, and a copper roof could easily exceed $20 per square foot. These are broad ranges, and the actual cost will depend on other factors discussed below.
Gauge Thickness and Durability
The gauge of the metal, referring to its thickness, directly affects both cost and durability. Lower gauge numbers indicate thicker, more durable metal, which naturally translates to a higher price. A thicker metal roof will provide superior protection against the elements, have a longer lifespan, and better withstand high winds and heavy snow loads. For instance, a 24-gauge steel roof is thinner and less expensive than a 22-gauge steel roof, but the latter offers enhanced durability and longevity, justifying the higher cost. The increased lifespan can often offset the higher initial investment over the long term.
Roofing Profile and Cost
The profile, or shape, of the metal panels also contributes to the overall cost. Corrugated roofing, characterized by its ribbed surface, is a relatively inexpensive option. Standing seam roofing, featuring raised seams that allow for expansion and contraction, is more complex to install and therefore more expensive. Standing seam roofs are often chosen for their sleek appearance and superior watertightness. The added complexity of standing seam installation contributes to a higher price per square foot, typically ranging from $10 to $20 or more, compared to corrugated roofing which might cost between $5 and $12 per square foot.
Roof Complexity and Installation Costs
The complexity of the roof itself significantly impacts installation costs. Simple roofs with a single slope are less expensive to install than complex roofs with multiple slopes, valleys, dormers, or intricate designs. The additional time and labor required for intricate installations translate to higher overall costs. For example, a roof with multiple dormers or a complex hip-and-valley design will require more precise cuts, specialized techniques, and potentially more labor hours, leading to a substantially higher installation cost compared to a simple gable roof. These added costs are not simply a matter of materials but also the increased skill and time needed for precise installation.
Regional Price Variations
Metal roof costs can fluctuate significantly depending on geographic location. Several interconnected factors contribute to these regional differences, impacting both the price of materials and the overall installation cost. Understanding these variations is crucial for accurate budgeting and informed decision-making.
The price of a metal roof varies considerably across the United States, influenced by factors like labor costs, material availability, and local regulations. These differences can lead to substantial discrepancies in the final cost per square foot.
Regional Cost Comparison
The following table compares average metal roof costs per square foot across three distinct regions: the Northeast, the South, and the West. These figures represent averages and can vary based on specific project details.
Region | Average Cost ($/sq ft) | Cost Range ($/sq ft) | Contributing Factors |
---|---|---|---|
Northeast | $10-14 | $8 – $18 | Higher labor costs, potential for challenging weather conditions during installation, higher material transportation costs. |
South | $8-12 | $6 – $15 | Generally lower labor costs compared to the Northeast, potentially higher material costs due to transportation from farther distances for some materials. |
West | $9-13 | $7 – $17 | Variable labor costs depending on specific location within the region, potential impact of geographic challenges on transportation and installation. |
Factors Contributing to Regional Price Differences
Several key factors contribute to the regional variations in metal roof costs. Labor costs represent a significant portion of the overall expense, and these costs differ considerably across the country due to varying labor markets and unionization rates. For example, areas with a high cost of living often have higher labor rates, directly impacting the final installation cost.
Material availability also plays a crucial role. Transportation costs for materials can be substantial, particularly in remote or less accessible areas. Furthermore, local taxes and permits can add to the overall project cost, further contributing to regional price differences. The availability of skilled installers also influences pricing. Regions with a shortage of experienced metal roof installers may command higher labor rates.
Impact of Supply Chain Issues
Supply chain disruptions, such as those experienced in recent years, have significantly impacted the pricing and availability of building materials, including metal roofing. These disruptions can lead to increased material costs and extended lead times for projects. The impact of these issues varies regionally, depending on factors like proximity to manufacturing facilities and transportation infrastructure. For instance, regions heavily reliant on imported materials may experience more pronounced price increases and longer delays during periods of global supply chain instability. Areas with robust local manufacturing capabilities may be less susceptible, although not immune, to these fluctuations.
Material Costs Breakdown
Understanding the cost of metal roofing materials is crucial for accurate budgeting. This section provides a detailed breakdown of these costs, excluding labor, allowing for a clearer picture of the overall expense. Prices are subject to market fluctuations and regional variations, so these figures should be considered estimates.
The cost of metal roofing materials varies significantly depending on the type of metal, its gauge (thickness), finish, and coating. Steel is generally the most economical option, while copper and zinc offer superior longevity and aesthetics but come with a higher price tag. The choice of finish also influences the price, with powder-coated finishes generally being more expensive than standard finishes.
Metal Type Comparison
The following table compares the cost per square foot of different metal roofing materials, excluding labor and installation. These prices are averages and can vary based on supplier, location, and market conditions. It’s important to obtain multiple quotes from local suppliers for accurate pricing in your specific area.
Metal Type | Cost per Square Foot (USD) | Typical Lifespan (Years) | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
Galvanized Steel | $1.50 – $3.00 | 20-50 | Most economical option; requires regular maintenance |
Aluminum | $2.50 – $5.00 | 40-75 | Lightweight, corrosion-resistant, and recyclable |
Zinc (Galvanized) | $3.00 – $6.00 | 50-100 | Highly durable and develops a protective patina |
Copper | $8.00 – $15.00 | 100+ | Premium material with excellent longevity and aesthetic appeal; self-healing properties |
Stainless Steel | $4.00 – $8.00 | 50-100+ | High strength and corrosion resistance; suitable for harsh environments |
Coating and Finish Options
Different coatings and finishes significantly impact the cost and longevity of a metal roof. Powder coating provides superior durability and a wider range of color options compared to standard paint finishes. Kynar 500® and PVDF coatings are known for their exceptional UV resistance and longevity, resulting in a higher initial cost but potentially lower long-term maintenance expenses. For example, a Kynar 500® coated steel panel will typically cost more than a standard painted steel panel.
Metal Sheet Size and Thickness
The cost of metal roofing is also influenced by the size and thickness of the metal sheets. Thicker gauge (lower number) metal sheets are more durable and expensive than thinner gauge (higher number) sheets. Larger sheet sizes can reduce installation time and material waste, potentially lowering the overall cost per square foot.
Sheet Thickness (Gauge) | Sheet Size (Approximate) | Cost per Square Foot Adjustment (USD) |
---|---|---|
24 Gauge | 36″ x 12′ | +$0.00 to +$0.50 |
26 Gauge | 36″ x 12′ | -$0.25 to +$0.25 |
29 Gauge | 36″ x 12′ | -$0.50 to $0.00 |
24 Gauge | 48″ x 12′ | +$0.25 to +$1.00 |
Note: The cost adjustments in the table above are estimates and reflect the potential savings or added expense associated with different sheet sizes and thicknesses. The actual cost will depend on the specific metal type and supplier.
Installation Costs Analysis
Installation costs represent a significant portion of the overall metal roofing expense. Understanding the factors that influence these costs is crucial for accurate budgeting and informed decision-making. This section will analyze labor costs associated with different metal roofing types and explore the potential cost savings associated with DIY versus professional installation.
Labor costs for metal roof installation vary depending on several key factors. These factors interact to determine the final price, making direct comparisons between roofing types challenging without specific project details. However, a general understanding of these cost drivers is essential for homeowners.
Labor Costs Comparison Across Metal Roofing Types
The type of metal roofing chosen significantly impacts labor costs. Standing seam metal roofing, known for its clean lines and long lifespan, often requires more specialized skills and tools, leading to higher labor costs compared to corrugated or ribbed metal roofing. The complexity of the installation process, including the precise alignment and fastening required for standing seam systems, contributes to this difference. Similarly, more intricate designs or custom fabrication will increase labor time and therefore the overall cost. For example, a complex standing seam installation might cost 20-30% more in labor than a simpler corrugated metal roof installation on a similarly sized roof.
Factors Influencing Labor Costs
Several factors beyond the roofing material itself influence labor costs. Roof pitch, for instance, plays a significant role. Steeper roofs present greater safety challenges and require more time and specialized equipment, increasing labor costs. Accessibility also affects installation time and cost. Difficult-to-reach areas or obstacles on the roof may necessitate additional safety measures and slower work, driving up labor expenses. The experience and reputation of the installer are also key factors. Experienced and reputable installers command higher hourly rates due to their expertise and commitment to quality workmanship, which can ultimately save money in the long run by preventing future issues. Finally, the size and complexity of the roof itself directly impact the total labor hours needed for the project.
DIY versus Professional Installation: Cost Savings Analysis
While DIY installation offers the potential for significant cost savings by eliminating labor charges, it also carries considerable risks. Improper installation can lead to leaks, premature damage, and voiding warranties. These unforeseen issues can quickly outweigh any initial savings. Moreover, installing a metal roof requires specialized tools and safety equipment, which can represent a substantial upfront investment. For homeowners lacking experience in roofing, the risk of injury or damage during installation is considerable. Therefore, a careful cost-benefit analysis is crucial, weighing potential savings against the risks and potential additional costs associated with DIY projects. For complex roof designs or large roof areas, professional installation is generally recommended to ensure quality, safety, and warranty protection. For smaller, simpler roofs, a homeowner with sufficient skills and access to appropriate tools might consider a DIY approach after thorough research and preparation, but this decision should be based on a realistic assessment of their capabilities and the potential consequences of errors.
Additional Costs to Consider
Beyond the base cost per square foot, several additional expenses contribute significantly to the overall price of a metal roof installation. Failing to account for these can lead to budget overruns and project delays. Careful planning and upfront cost estimation are crucial for a smooth and financially sound roofing project.
Underlayment, Flashing, and Other Necessary Components
Underlayment acts as a secondary waterproof barrier beneath the metal roofing panels, protecting the roof deck from moisture damage in case of leaks. Flashing, typically made of metal or rubber, is essential for sealing vulnerable areas like chimneys, vents, and valleys, preventing water penetration. Other necessary components include fasteners, sealants, and trim pieces, all adding to the final cost. The cost of underlayment varies depending on the type—felt underlayment is generally more affordable than synthetic options—and is typically priced per square (100 square feet). Flashing costs vary depending on the complexity of the roof and the materials used, with custom fabrication adding to the expense. For example, a complex roof with numerous penetrations might require specialized flashing costing several hundred dollars more than a simpler roof. Similarly, high-quality sealants and durable trim pieces contribute to longevity but increase the initial cost. A detailed breakdown from your contractor should include these line items.
Roof Tear-Off and Disposal of Old Materials
If you’re replacing an existing roof, the cost of removing the old roofing material and disposing of it responsibly adds a substantial expense. This tear-off process involves labor and potentially specialized equipment for safe and efficient removal. The disposal of old materials, including shingles, underlayment, and debris, requires adherence to local regulations and may involve landfill fees. The cost of a tear-off depends heavily on the size and complexity of the roof, the type of existing roofing material, and local disposal regulations. For instance, removing asbestos shingles requires specialized handling and disposal procedures, significantly increasing the cost compared to removing asphalt shingles. A typical tear-off might cost between $1.50 and $3.00 per square foot, but this can easily double or triple for complex roofs or those containing hazardous materials.
Unexpected Costs During Installation
Unforeseen circumstances can arise during installation, resulting in unexpected expenses. These might include discovering underlying roof deck damage requiring repair before installing the new metal roof. Other unexpected costs could stem from encountering unforeseen obstacles during installation, such as hidden structural issues or the need for additional materials due to inaccurate measurements. For example, discovering extensive rot in the roof decking necessitates costly repairs, adding potentially thousands of dollars to the project. Similarly, if the initial measurements are inaccurate, requiring additional materials to complete the job, this will add to the overall expense. Open communication with your contractor and thorough pre-installation inspections can help minimize the risk of these unexpected costs.
Warranty and Maintenance Costs
Understanding the warranty and long-term maintenance associated with a metal roof is crucial for accurate budgeting and informed decision-making. While metal roofs are known for their durability, regular maintenance and understanding warranty coverage can significantly impact the overall cost of ownership.
Metal roof warranties vary considerably among manufacturers, impacting both the initial investment and potential future repair expenses. The length of the warranty, typically ranging from 20 to 50 years, covers different aspects, such as material defects, workmanship, and even paint finishes. Understanding these nuances is vital for making an informed purchase.
Warranty Periods and Associated Costs
Warranty coverage differs significantly depending on the manufacturer and specific product. Some manufacturers offer a limited lifetime warranty on the metal itself, while others provide warranties covering specific components, such as coatings or fasteners. These warranties often come with stipulations, such as proper installation by certified contractors. Failure to meet these conditions may void the warranty, leading to unexpected repair costs. For example, a 30-year warranty on a panel might cover rust or corrosion due to manufacturing defects, but not damage caused by improper installation or severe weather events outside the manufacturer’s specified limits. It is essential to carefully review the warranty documentation provided by the manufacturer before making a purchase. A longer warranty period typically comes with a higher upfront cost, but it can translate to significant savings in the long run by reducing the risk of expensive repairs.
Long-Term Maintenance Requirements and Associated Expenses
Metal roofs are generally low-maintenance, but regular inspections and occasional cleaning are recommended to ensure longevity and prevent potential issues. Annual inspections are advised to check for loose or damaged panels, corrosion, and signs of sealant failure around flashings (areas where the roof meets other parts of the building, like chimneys or vents). Cleaning typically involves removing debris like leaves and pine needles to prevent water ponding and potential damage. The cost of these maintenance tasks is relatively low, usually involving only the cost of cleaning supplies and potentially a professional inspection every few years. The frequency of professional inspections will depend on factors such as climate and tree proximity. For example, in areas with heavy snowfall, a post-winter inspection to check for ice dam damage may be prudent.
Potential Maintenance Issues and Repair Costs
While metal roofs are durable, some issues can arise over time. These include: scratches and dents from impacts (e.g., hail, falling branches); corrosion or rust, particularly in areas with high humidity or salt spray; and sealant failure around flashings, leading to leaks. Repair costs vary depending on the extent of the damage and the accessibility of the affected area. Minor scratches and dents might only require touch-up paint, while more significant damage might require panel replacement. Corrosion repair could involve cleaning and repainting or, in severe cases, replacing affected panels. Sealant repairs typically involve removing and replacing old sealant, which is a relatively inexpensive repair if addressed promptly. For instance, replacing a single damaged panel might cost between $100 and $500, depending on the panel size, accessibility, and labor costs, while a more extensive repair involving multiple panels could cost several thousand dollars. Addressing minor issues promptly can prevent them from escalating into costly repairs.
Comparing Metal Roofs to Other Roofing Materials
Choosing the right roofing material involves careful consideration of various factors, including initial cost, longevity, and maintenance requirements. While metal roofing offers numerous advantages, it’s crucial to compare its cost-effectiveness against other popular options to make an informed decision. This comparison will examine the cost per square foot, lifespan, and maintenance needs of different roofing materials, allowing for a comprehensive evaluation of long-term value.
Cost Comparison of Roofing Materials
The following table presents a comparative analysis of metal roofing against asphalt shingles, tile, and other common roofing materials. It’s important to note that these are average costs and can vary significantly based on location, material quality, and installation complexity. Prices are estimates and should be verified with local contractors for accurate project budgeting.
Material | Cost per sq ft | Lifespan (Years) | Maintenance |
---|---|---|---|
Metal Roofing (Steel) | $5-$15 | 50-75+ | Minimal; occasional cleaning and inspection |
Asphalt Shingles | $2-$5 | 15-30 | Moderate; regular cleaning, potential repairs/replacements |
Clay Tile | $8-$20 | 50-100+ | Low; occasional cleaning, potential repairs due to cracking |
Concrete Tile | $6-$15 | 50-75 | Low; occasional cleaning, potential repairs due to cracking |
Slate | $15-$40+ | 75-100+ | Minimal; occasional cleaning, very durable |
Long-Term Cost-Effectiveness Analysis
While metal roofing initially presents a higher cost per square foot compared to asphalt shingles, its significantly longer lifespan and minimal maintenance requirements contribute to long-term cost-effectiveness. For example, a homeowner might spend $10/sq ft on a metal roof with a 50-year lifespan, whereas asphalt shingles at $3/sq ft might require replacement every 15 years. Over 50 years, the asphalt shingle roof would need three replacements, resulting in a total cost of $9/sq ft ($3/sq ft x 3 replacements). This illustrates how the higher upfront cost of metal roofing can be offset by its durability and reduced replacement expenses over its extended lifetime. Similarly, the lower maintenance needs of metal roofs compared to other materials further enhance their long-term economic viability. The reduced need for repairs and replacements translates into significant savings over the roof’s lifespan. Consider the potential cost of repairs for an asphalt shingle roof compared to a virtually maintenance-free metal roof; this difference can be substantial over several decades.
Impact of Roof Size on Overall Cost: Metal Roof Cost Per Square Foot – Compare Prices
The size of your roof is a primary determinant of the overall cost of a metal roof installation. Larger roofs naturally require more materials and labor, leading to a higher total price. However, the relationship isn’t simply linear; economies of scale can come into play for larger projects, sometimes leading to slightly lower per-square-foot costs. Understanding this relationship is crucial for accurate budgeting.
The total cost of a metal roof is typically calculated by multiplying the area of the roof by the cost per square foot. This cost per square foot encompasses both materials and labor. However, the labor cost per square foot can decrease slightly as the roof size increases due to economies of scale. For instance, the setup time for equipment and the travel time for the crew remain relatively constant regardless of roof size. This means that the labor cost per square foot is proportionally lower for larger roofs.
Cost Calculations for Different Roof Sizes
Let’s consider three hypothetical examples to illustrate how roof size impacts cost. We’ll assume a consistent cost per square foot of $8 for materials and $5 for labor, totaling $13 per square foot. These figures are estimates and will vary based on location, material choice, and complexity of the roof.
Roof Size (Square Feet) | Material Cost | Labor Cost | Total Cost | Cost per Square Foot |
---|---|---|---|---|
1000 | $8000 | $5000 | $13000 | $13.00 |
2000 | $16000 | $9000 | $25000 | $12.50 |
3000 | $24000 | $12000 | $36000 | $12.00 |
Note that the labor cost in these examples does not increase proportionally with roof size. This reflects the economies of scale – the fixed costs associated with labor are spread across a larger area. A smaller roof might have a higher cost per square foot because a significant portion of the total cost is fixed regardless of the size.
Economies of Scale in Larger Roofing Projects
Economies of scale refer to the cost advantages that businesses or individuals obtain due to their scale of operation. In the context of metal roofing, larger projects often benefit from reduced per-unit costs. This is primarily because the fixed costs of the project, such as equipment rental, crew mobilization, and project management, are distributed across a larger area. Furthermore, material suppliers may offer discounts for larger orders, further reducing the overall cost per square foot. While the total cost increases with roof size, the cost per square foot tends to decrease, making larger projects comparatively more cost-effective. This effect is more pronounced with larger projects where the fixed costs become a smaller proportion of the overall cost.
Finding Reliable Contractors
Choosing the right contractor is crucial for a successful metal roof installation. A reputable contractor ensures quality workmanship, adherence to building codes, and a smooth project execution, ultimately protecting your investment. Selecting a contractor based solely on price can lead to significant issues down the line.
Finding a qualified and trustworthy metal roofing contractor requires diligent research and careful evaluation. This process is vital to ensuring a long-lasting, high-quality roof that meets your needs and budget.
Obtaining Multiple Quotes
Before committing to a contractor, it’s essential to obtain at least three quotes. This allows for a comprehensive comparison of pricing, materials, and proposed timelines. Comparing multiple quotes enables you to identify any discrepancies and negotiate for a fair price. Be sure to provide each contractor with the same detailed specifications for your project to ensure an accurate and comparable quote. For instance, one contractor may use higher-quality materials, impacting the final cost, while another may opt for a faster, less thorough installation process. Comparing these aspects helps you assess value and make an informed decision.
Evaluating Contractor Bids and Identifying Red Flags
Thoroughly reviewing each contractor’s bid is crucial. Look beyond the bottom-line price and examine the details of the proposal. A detailed bid should clearly Artikel the scope of work, materials used (including specifications and warranties), the payment schedule, and the project timeline.
Red Flags in Contractor Bids
Several red flags can indicate a potentially unreliable contractor. These include vague or incomplete proposals, significantly lower prices than competitors without a clear explanation, a lack of licensing or insurance, negative online reviews or complaints, and pressure to commit to a contract quickly without sufficient time for review. For example, a bid that lacks specifics on the type of metal roofing material or doesn’t mention warranties should raise concerns. Similarly, a contractor who is unwilling to provide proof of insurance or licensing is a major risk. Always check online review sites like Yelp or Angie’s List for feedback from previous clients.
Strategies for Finding Reputable Contractors
Several effective strategies can be employed to locate experienced and trustworthy metal roofing contractors. These include seeking referrals from friends, family, or neighbors who have recently had metal roofing installed; contacting your local building department for a list of licensed contractors; checking online directories and review websites; and attending home improvement shows or industry events to meet contractors in person. Networking within your community and utilizing online resources are effective methods to discover reputable contractors with a proven track record. Remember to always verify the contractor’s licensing, insurance, and experience before making a decision.
Financing Options for Metal Roofing
Securing funding for a metal roof installation can seem daunting, but several options exist to make this significant home improvement project more financially accessible. Understanding the advantages and disadvantages of each financing method will help homeowners choose the best approach based on their individual financial situation and the project’s cost.
Financing a metal roof typically involves either securing a loan specifically for home improvements or utilizing existing lines of credit. The most suitable option will depend on factors such as credit score, the total cost of the project, and the homeowner’s comfort level with debt.
Home Improvement Loans
Home improvement loans are specifically designed for projects like roof replacements. These loans offer fixed interest rates, predictable monthly payments, and a defined repayment period. Lenders often require a credit check and may request an appraisal of the property to assess its value as collateral. The loan amount is typically determined by the project’s cost and the borrower’s creditworthiness. A good credit score will generally result in a lower interest rate, reducing the overall cost of the loan. For example, a homeowner with excellent credit might secure a loan with an interest rate of 5%, while someone with fair credit might face a higher rate of 8% or more.
Lines of Credit
Home equity lines of credit (HELOCs) or personal lines of credit can also be used to finance a metal roof. A HELOC uses the equity in your home as collateral, while a personal line of credit is unsecured. HELOCs often offer lower interest rates than personal lines of credit due to the lower risk to the lender. However, using a HELOC carries the risk of losing your home if you fail to repay the loan. Personal lines of credit provide flexibility but typically come with higher interest rates. The amount you can borrow will depend on your creditworthiness and available equity in your home (for HELOCs).
Payment Plans Offered by Contractors, Metal Roof Cost Per Square Foot – Compare Prices
Some roofing contractors offer in-house financing plans, often involving a down payment and monthly installments. These plans can be convenient, but it’s crucial to carefully review the terms and conditions, including interest rates and any penalties for late payments. It is advisable to compare these options with traditional financing methods to ensure you’re getting the best deal. For instance, a contractor might offer a 12-month payment plan with 0% interest, but this might be less advantageous than a low-interest loan from a bank if the project cost is substantial.
Determining Affordability and Choosing the Best Option
Before applying for any financing, it’s vital to determine the total cost of the metal roof installation, including materials, labor, and any permits. Create a realistic budget and compare it to your monthly income to ensure the monthly payments are manageable. Consider your credit score and history; a higher credit score will typically qualify you for better loan terms. Shop around and compare interest rates and terms from different lenders to find the most favorable option. Finally, carefully review all loan documents before signing to fully understand the terms and conditions. A thorough understanding of your financial situation and available options is key to making an informed decision.
FAQ Insights
Metal Roof Cost Per Square Foot – Compare Prices – What is the lifespan of a metal roof?
Metal roofs are known for their longevity, typically lasting 50 years or more with proper maintenance, significantly exceeding the lifespan of asphalt shingles.
Can I install a metal roof myself?
While DIY installation is possible, it’s generally recommended to hire a professional. Improper installation can void warranties and lead to costly repairs down the line.
Are there tax credits or rebates available for metal roofing?
Tax credits and rebates for metal roofing vary by location and may depend on factors such as energy efficiency. Check with your local government or energy provider for available incentives.
How do I choose a reputable roofing contractor?
Look for contractors with extensive experience, positive reviews, proper licensing and insurance, and a clear understanding of metal roofing installation techniques. Always obtain multiple quotes and compare bids carefully.